import java.math.BigInteger;

public class CountMoves {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Java uses only the low six bits of a long shift distance, so this is 1L << 0.
        long shifted = (1L << 64) - 1;
        System.out.println("(1L << 64) - 1      = " + shifted);

        // 2^64 does not fit in a long, so the cast pins it to Long.MAX_VALUE first.
        long rounded = (long) Math.pow(2, 64) - 1;
        System.out.println("Math.pow(2, 64) - 1 = " + rounded);

        // BigInteger has no ceiling.
        BigInteger exact = BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(64).subtract(BigInteger.ONE);
        System.out.println("BigInteger          = " + exact);

        // Or keep all 64 bits in a long and print them as unsigned.
        System.out.println("unsigned long       = " + Long.toUnsignedString(-1L));
    }
}